What is a Tornado?

A tornado is a powerful and rapidly spinning vortex of air that forms within severe thunderstorms. It extends from a cloud base to the ground, producing intense winds that can reach speeds of over 200 miles per hour. Tornadoes vary in size and intensity, with some causing only minor damage while others completely devastate entire towns.

Tornadoes form when warm, moist air meets cold, dry air, creating instability in the atmosphere. As wind shear and updrafts interact, a rotating column of air, called a mesocyclone, can develop. If conditions are right, this rotation tightens and extends to the ground, forming a tornado. The Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale is used to measure tornado strength, ranging from EF0 (weak) to EF5 (catastrophic).

These storms are most common in the United States, particularly in Tornado Alley, which includes parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. However, tornadoes can occur in many regions worldwide. They are unpredictable and can form and dissipate within minutes, making early warning systems and preparedness crucial.

To stay safe during a tornado, people should seek shelter in a storm shelter or safe room. Underground tornado shelters and above-ground reinforced safe rooms provide the best protection. Mobile homes and vehicles are particularly vulnerable, so it’s important to have an emergency plan in place.