What is a Multi-Vortex Tornado?

A multi-vortex tornado is a type of tornado in which two or more smaller, rapidly spinning vortices exist within the main tornado circulation. These subvortices rotate around the tornado’s central axis, often creating areas of extreme wind speeds and highly localized destruction.

Multi-vortex tornadoes form when wind shear and instability in a storm cause multiple vortices to develop within a larger tornado. These subvortices can merge, dissipate, or reform within seconds, making them unpredictable and especially dangerous. They are commonly associated with EF3 to EF5 tornadoes, where the strongest winds occur within these smaller vortices.

One of the most infamous examples of a multi-vortex tornado is the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma EF5 tornado, which caused catastrophic damage due to its intense subvortices. These tornadoes often leave behind a distinct damage pattern with alternating areas of extreme destruction and lesser damage, as the subvortices concentrate their energy in specific paths.

People in tornado-prone areas should be aware that multi-vortex tornadoes can dramatically increase wind speeds in some locations, making them even more dangerous than single-vortex tornadoes. Seeking shelter in a storm shelter or safe room is critical for survival during such extreme events.